学霸必备｜散文词汇复习/2025、2026上外英语语言文学写作与汉译英考研备考

　　上外英语语言文学写作与汉译英考研科目中的汉译英题型常考文学散文题材，所以大家备考中一定要多多积累相关词汇才能更好的传达语义，让译文表达更爱直接、凝练。下面我们一起来复习一下部分词汇：

　　01词汇复习一

　　上班：go to work/to be on duty

　　上报：to appear in the newspapers

　　上膘：to become fat

　　上场：to appear on the stage

　　上当：to be taken in

　　上吊：hang oneself

　　上冻：freeze

　　上访：to apply for an audience with the higher authorities to appeal for help

　　上坟：to visit a grave to honor the memory of the dead

　　上纲：to raise to higher plane of principle

　　上供：to offer up a sacrifice

　　上钩：to rise to the bait

　　上光：glazing/polishing

　　上轨道：to get one the right track

　　上火：get angry

　　上进：to make progress

　　上路：to set out on a journey

　　上马：to mount a horse

　　上门：to visit/shut the door

　　上年纪：to be getting on in years

　　上任：to take up an official post

　　上台：to come to power

　　上膛：of a gun to be loaded

　　上相：to come out well in a photograph/to be photohgenic

　　上刑：to put sb to torture

　　上演：perform

　　上瘾：to be addicted to sth.

　　能上能下：a cadre should be ready to take a lower as well as a higher post

　　一连上了好几个菜：several courses were served in succession.

　　这事儿已经上了电视：it has been publicized on tv

　　这表该上了：the watch needs winding.

　　02词汇复习二

　　他头部受重伤 he was badly wounded in the head

　　你该用一下你的头脑 you should use your head a bit

　　这娃娃头真大 the baby got a big head

　　他正在梳头 comb

　　他的女儿正在山头上玩 on the top of

　　一辆小车停在桥西头 the west end of the bridge

　　他把铅笔头扔了 the pencil stub/stump

　　他们是一头的 they are on the same side

　　事情不能只顾一头 one aspect of the matter

　　我们有三十头牛 thirty head of cattle

　　他头天上午就来了 the previous morning

　　03词汇复习三：

　　去世了 be gone

　　在去世人之中 be among the missing

　　上西天 be in heaven

　　命丧黄泉 be pushing up the daisies

　　跨进了阴曹地府 cross the great divide

　　完结 finish off

　　与世长辞 depart this life

　　回老家 gather home

　　见阎王了 give up the ghost

　　离开人间 go out of this world

　　逝世 go the way of all flesh

　　身故 go the of nature

　　去极乐世界 go to a better world

　　上天堂 go to glory

　　归天，入天堂了 go to heaven

　　去阴间 go to the sunset

　　入地下 go to the ground

　　永远睡觉 go to sleep forever

　　归西 go west

　　蹬腿了 kick the bucket

　　沉睡 fallon sleep

　　长眠了 fall asleep

　　上西天 kick the bucket

　　死的透透的 as dead as a.doornail

　　长眠go to sleep

　　归于尘埃 return to dust

　　非自然死亡 perish

　　病重而死 fade away

　　安乐死 practice euthanasia

　　铰死 hang

　　溺死 be drowned

　　郁郁而死 die of grief

　　活活烧死 burnt alive

　　遇刺身亡 be assassinated

　　心肌梗死 myocardial infarction

　　咽气 croak, cease respiration, emit the last breath

　　坐化，羽化，鹤化，登仙，仙逝，仙游 to go to glory

　　谢世，弃世，过世，下世，就世 to abandon the world

　　圆寂，归寂，示寂，入寂 rest in peace, parinirvana

　　亡故，过世，去世，逝世，与世长辞 pass away;to expire; depart this life;leave this world

　　寿终正寝，喜丧，长逝，to end one’s day,

　　归西，驾鹤西去 to go to west

　　疾终，病逝 succumb to illness

　　一命呜呼 demise

　　早逝，夭折 meet a premature death

　　长眠，安息 repose,rest, lie at rest

　　蹬腿，两腿一蹬 To kick up one’s heels

　　了结尘缘 to pay the debt of nature, lay down one’s life

　　淹死，溺毙 drown oneself

　　窒息而死，闷死 suffocate

　　吊死 to be hanged

　　烧死 burn to death

　　射死，枪决;饮弹而亡 shoot to death, bite the bullet

　　捅死，刺死 stab to death

　　饿死 starve to death

　　噎死 choke to death

　　阵亡 fall in battle

　　壮烈牺牲，以身许国，马革裹尸 die a martyr, heroic sacrifice

　　横死，暴毙，死于非命 to come to a violent death, drop dead

　　自杀 commit suicide

　　砍头 be guillotined

　　散文题材翻译演练 00 palabras：

　　下文节选自鲁迅的《题辞》 高译培训资料：

　　当我沉默着的时候，我觉得充实;我将开口，同时感到空虚。

　　过去的生命已经死亡。我对于这死亡有大欢喜，因为我借此知道它曾经存活。死亡的生命已经朽腐。我对于这朽腐有大欢喜，因为我借此知道它还非空虚。

　　生命的泥委弃在地面上，不生乔木，只生野草，这是我的罪过。

　　野草，根本不深，花叶不美，然而吸取露，吸取水，吸取陈死人的血和肉，各自夺取它的生存。当生存时，还是将遭践踏，将遭删刈，直至于死亡而朽腐。

　　学生翻译：

　　When I am in silence, I lead a live of abundance; when I am about to utter some words, I feel a sense of emptiness.

　　What's past in my life has deceased. Yet I am overjoyed with such decease as it is the proof of my bygone days. What has deceased in my life has decayed on its own. Yet I feel elated with such rot as it represents the abundance and affluence of my life.

　　My "life mud" is abandoned over the ground and nor bushes or woods grow out of it except wild grass. Only the wild grass grows, which is me to blame.

　　There is nothing divine or gorgeous about the wild grass and it is also true for flowers and leaves. When they are vying for room to survive, they absorb dews and water from the soil and even suck the nutrients out of decayed flesh and cold blood of those deceased. When they are in full blossom, it's inevitable to be tramped or reaped carelessly, to the extent that they decompose over the course of rot or degradation.

　　参考翻译：

　　When I am silent, I feel replete; as I open my mouth to speak, I am conscious of emptiness.

　　The past life has died. I exult over its death, because from this I know that it once existed. The dead life has decayed. I exult over its decay, because from this I know that, it has not been empty.

　　From the clay of life abandoned on the ground grow no lofty trees, only wild grass. For that I am to blame.

　　Wild grass strikes no deep roots, has no beautiful flowers and leaves, yet if imbibes dew, water and the blood and flesh of the dead, although all try to rob it of life. As long as it lives it is trampled upon and mown down, until it dies and decays.

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